9/18/2023 0 Comments Options of running a vce file![]() ![]() While implemented in general statistical packages such as SAS, Genstat or R, more specialized packages such as ASREML (Gilmour et al., 2006), VCE (Kovacs and Groeneveld, 2003) and DMU (Madsen and Jensen, 2006), tailored to quantitative models are widely used. Uptake of mixed model analyses by REML has been furthered by the availability of appropriate software. One of the main attractions of the ‘animal model’ for quantitative analyses is that it allows information from all types of relatives in complex pedigrees to be utilized simultaneously. Hence the ‘standard’ linear model, relating observations for an individual to its genotype, is commonly referred to as the ‘animal model’. Impetus for this was provided by applications from livestock improvement. ![]() ![]() In particular, the so-called residual or restricted maximum likelihood (REML) is widely used for analyses of continuous traits. Today, variance component analyses for continuous traits are predominantly based on the mixed model, and use maximum likelihood or related methods of inference. This provides the basis for classical estimation of genetic parameters such as heritabilities and genetic correlations as well as, more recently, applications such as mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL). One of the fundamental tasks in quantitative genetics involves the estimation of (co)variance components, i.e., partitioning of the total, observed variation into its causal components, in particular variation due to genetic effects. ![]()
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